Nginx Installation and Configuration
Based on
- http://www.webhostingtalk.com/showthread.php?t=1025286 = for debian 6
- http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-nginx-with-php5-and-mysql-support-on-debian-lenny
- http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-php-5.3-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-ubuntu-debian
- Very helpful for mediawiki: http://blog.bigdinosaur.org/mediawiki-on-nginx/
- Interesting and authoritative, but covers only single mediawiki in root, not clear how to modify: http://wiki.nginx.org/MediaWiki
- Mediawiki, very useful mediawiki-config-generator: http://shorturls.redwerks.org/
- Highly recommended: http://www.nginx-discovery.com/2011/04/day-45-location-regexp-or-no-regexp.html
- nginx behaves differently with respect to output flushing than apache, perhaps a solution here: http://www.justincarmony.com/blog/2011/01/24/php-nginx-and-output-flushing/
Contents
Installation
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
add lines:
# necessary only for php-fpm, the php version for nginx: deb http://packages.dotdeb.org stable all
Add the GnuPG key to your distribution:
wget http://www.dotdeb.org/dotdeb.gpg cat dotdeb.gpg | sudo apt-key add - rm dotdeb.gpg
Install nginx, fpm, new php:
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install php5 php5-fpm php-pear php5-common php5-mcrypt php5-mysql php5-cli php5-gd php5-curl php5-dev php5-imagick php5-imap php5-intl php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5 php5-apc sudo apt-get install nginx
Apply "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini (security, avoid loading undesired php in a subfolder).
Change php-fpm configuration with:
sudo nano /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf
and
sudo nano /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
setting:
pm.max_children = 25 pm.start_servers = 5 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 10 pm.max_requests = 1500 request_terminate_timeout = 450s
Change nginx configuration with:
sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
adding various settings.
edit the default vhost config:
cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled; nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
(To create symlinks for further vhost files like "www.example.com" under sites-enabled:
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/www.example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/www.example.com
)
- NOTE: One failure we experienced was that we tested php with the phpinfo.php file, which, however, uses short php open tags. The default FPM-based php.ini in /etc/php5/fpm has short_open_tag = Off however. This initially and wrongly lead us to the conclusion that php was not working.
- NOTE: for testing we used port 8880, which goes through bgbm (but not jki) firewalls.
Restart apache, nginx and fpm (we still use apache for certain uses):
sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl -k graceful && sudo service nginx restart && sudo service php5-fpm restart
STOP:
sudo /etc/init.d/php5-fpm stop; sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
Configuration: Locations and Rewrites
See for instance /etc/nginx/sites-availabel/default
Cheat sheet
location
See http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpCoreModule#location
Syntax: location [ = | ^~ | ~ | ~* ] uri { ... } location { } @ name { … } Check order: location = string-uri { … }further searchinglocation ^~ string-uri { … }further searchinglocation ~ regex-uri { case sensiteve } ┬ executed in order of appearence location ~* regex-uri { case insensiteve } ┘ location string-uri { … }
The order in which location directives are checked is as follows:
(1) Directives with the "=" prefix that match the query exactly (literal string). If found, searching stops.
(2) All "^~" prefixed locations with conventional strings. If it matches, searching stops.
(3) Regular expressions, in the order they are defined in the configuration file.
(4) All remaining directives with conventional strings. Most specific (=most detailed) are executed (line 2):
1 location /w/ { … }
2 location /w/images/details/ { … }
3 location /w/images/a/ { … }
rewrite, try_files
Examples
1 location / {
2 # Redirect domain-only access (= no path given, w/o or with /) to default wiki:
3 rewrite "^[/]?$" /web/ permanent;
4 # flag redirect at the end → 302 is temporary redirect
5 # flag permanent at the end → 301 is permanent redirect
6 try_files $uri @do404; # if it fails try named location block @do404
7 }
8 location @do404 { # try as wiki page:
9 rewrite "^(.+)$" /web$1 redirect; #(wiki reports 404 for non-existing pages! But can be created)
10 }
Virtual hosts
Virtual host configurations are in /etc/nginx/sites-available They are linked from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
The default configuration file (containing biowikifarm.net) is /etc/nginx/sites-available/00-default This file is linked from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
Each domain on biowikifarm (other than biowikifarm.net) has its own configuration file in sites-available. To enable the domain, link it from sites-enabled.
See also:
- Nginx Server Blocks
- Eclipse colorer open with->other->colorer editor
- Nginx documentation
- Nginx Configuration
- Common Nginx configuration pitfalls