Cirsium drummondii

Cirsium drummondii is widely distributed across Canada from the Northwest Territories to British Columbia and Ontario. The name C. drummondii has been misapplied to a wide range of plants across the western United States that are now treated as one or another variety of the polymorphic C. scariosum. The only documented modern occurrences of C. drummondii in the United States are in the Black Hills of South Dakota and adjacent Wyoming. Specimens collected by Hall and Harbour (342) are the only ones of C. drummondii known from Colorado. Somewhat similar plants from northern Nevada are treated here as C. scariosum var. toiyabense. During Pleistocene glaciations the ancestors of C. drummondii undoubtedly occupied a more southerly distribution and very likely came into direct contact with populations of C. scariosum. The observed similarities between C. drummondii and C. scariosum var. toiyabense are probably a relict of that ancient contact.

apex architecture or shape	spineless +
apex position	inner + and innermost +
apex shape	narrowed + and scabrid-denticulate +
array architecture	corymbiform +
blade shape	oblong-elliptic +, oblanceolate + and pinnatifid +
branch fragility	stout +
branch height or length	short +
branch orientation	ascending +
collar coloration	yellow +
collar width	narrow +
corolla coloration	purple + and white +
cypsela coloration	stramineous + and brown +
face architecture	principal + and sessile +
face arrangement	crowded +
face count	present +
face external texture	villous + and arachnoid +
face orientation	appressed +
face other	similar + and proximal +
face position	adaxial +, basal +, distal +, outer + and mid +
face size	reduced +
flowering time	summerjun +, jul + and aug +
habitat	dry to moist soil +, prairies +, pastures +, meadows +, forest edges +, woodland openings + and roadsides +
habitat moisture	wet + and dry +
head arrangement	singly + and crowded +
involucre external texture	arachnoid + and glabrate +
involucre shape	ovoid +, hemispheric + and campanulate +
involucre width	wider +
lobe arrangement	separated +
lobe orientation	spreading +
lobe shape	ovate +, triangular +, spinose-dentate + and lobed +
peduncle architecture	leafy-bracted +
phyllary arrangement	imbricate +
phyllary shape	ovate +, lanceolate + and lance-linear +
ridge width	narrow +
sinus shape	u-shaped +
sinus width	broad +
spine orientation	erect + and ascending +
spine size	slender +
stem architecture	leafy +, simple + and branched +
stem external texture	villous + and tomentose +
stem fragility	stout +
stem internal texture	fleshy +
stem orientation	erect +
taproot fragility	stout +
tip course	flexuous +
tip shape	erose-denticulate +
tip size	expanded +
trichome architecture	septate +
trichome length	long +
whole organism architecture	acaulescent + and caulescent +
whole organism life style	biennial + and perennial +

Cirsium drummondii

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